Targeted efforts can help decrease the U.S.'s troubling high infant mortality rate. However, since infant mortality is considered a relatively rare occurrence, it can be difficult to measure improvement efforts and assess impact. To combat these challenges, NICHQ leveraged a QI approach novel to the field of maternal child health: the use of statistical process control (SPC) charts. In this article, we share insight on how these charts can improve maternal and child health programs by helping them analyze and respond to rare events.